SOURCE : http://www.dawn.com
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Brief History and Trends in Sports Marketing
Sports marketing is a relatively new field and dimension within the broad concept of marketing. It is constantly evolving and changing today as society battles the free market to decide the legal and ethical boundaries of business today. It is import ant to note that this discipline within marketing is not clearly defined. Sports today utilize corporate sponsorships and television money in order to compete and pay for top quality athletes. Those companies use teams, leagues, colleges, and individual s to differentiate their products in a very competitive business environment. What constitutes sports marketing to one person could be considered "selling out" to some critics. The business world keeps pushing to find a competitive advantage an d the sports world has generally welcomed the money offered. Every level of sports from peewee leagues to the pros has been affected by the sports marketing trend. It will be difficult to point out where it all began or where we are today in the develop mental cycle, but that is still easier than figuring out what will happen to this emerging discipline.
Things to be careful in this field
Now the dangers of sports marketing are becoming more apparent as the business world dives into this domain sometimes without much research. The Fuzzy Zoellers, Latrell Spreewells, O.J. Simpsons, Art Modells, and Nike university contracts all point out important lessons to those in sports marketing. If you are associated with racist remarks, violence toward superiors, domestic violence, turning your back on a community, or unfair labor practices you stand to lose a lot more than you might gai n by sports marketing. It is important to research and understand individual sponsors, as well as have an out or behavior clause in contracts. No publicity is not only cheaper, but better than bad publicity.
No marketing plan is fool proof and celebrities are famous for reasons generally other than their perfection in hawking product. Some people even resent sports taking corporate money, even thought the athletes rarely mind. Money has given sports grea t things in the past 25 years and sports have paid huge dividends for companies who have invested wisely in sports marketing. For every Winston Cup or Air Jordan, there are at least as many ineffective sports marketing campaigns, and even some disasters such as O.J. Simpson.
The threshold for message clutter, consumer ambivalence, or worse yet contempt, could be fast approaching. Some sports have teams that are more overt in their corporate relationships than others. Watching 10 minutes of Washington Capitals hockey from the MCI center on HTS this January showed at least 24 different sponsors on the players, rink, stadium, etc. Then there are the commercial breaks. A highlight reel of a Georgia Tech basketball game that same night showed 6 obvious sponsors in only 60 se conds. Cameron Indoor Stadium, home of the infamous Blue Devils seems to be sponsor free, but if you look at their scoreboard there are several sponsors there. Of course a Notre Dame basketball game had only 5 corporate logos obvious in an entire half ( and most of them were put there temporarily by ESPN), but they have their own TV deal with NBC for football that may be all the cash they need. UNC has no obvious signage in Kenan Stadium or the Dean Dome, yet Eurosport and Adidas signs are common and ob vious at soccer matches. At UNC football games you can get Beefmaster hotdogs, Subway subs, Wendy’s Frostees, Cokes, Dominos Pizza, even if there are no big signs telling you their availability. Nike only gets to have the focus of every spectator on the ir products, and a few pages in the program (low key by some standards, but still very noticeable).
In the professional realm the NBA’s Indiana Pacers play at Market Square Arena and only about 5 sponsors could be seen even occasionally on the screen. On the other hand a NASCAR race would not be very easy to count the sponsors for two reasons: there are so many and the cars move so fast. Another interesting example is The Masters. They have just three sponsors and CBS can only run advertising from Cadillac, Traveler’s Group Insurance, and IBM. Dean Smith’s campaign to eliminate beer advertising f or Carolina Basketball games seems very possible when comparing the University’s bargaining power to the Masters.
Baseball teams in the Minors have outfields full of advertising. Now the Major leagues are catching up with Gap signs in the gaps of the outfield, in addition to the huge Budweiser signs seen all over the league. Look around Shea Stadium, home of the Mets, and you’ll see all sorts of signs. Disney’s California Angels advertise prominently all the corporations many interests like ABC, ESPN, and of course Mickey. The Dallas Cowboys are possibly the most interesting case; they have shunned the NFL’s c ontracts with Reebok and Coke. The owner Jerry Jones signed with Nike and Pepsi and since he owns the stadium, not the league, he can get around those league-wide contracts. Clutter is a risk when using teams like the Cowboys to market your products, bu t consumer sentiment towards this type of sponsorship could change as people become fed up with commercialization. It is important to be aware of the risk and in touch with the consumer when attempting to market through sports.
Today and the Future
The examples of pro teams with less than overexposed teams are likely to decrease. As for college athletics, that trend should not be the same. While it is financially responsible to take sponsors, it does not seem as positive in amateur athl etics as a rule. Colleges have alumni and interests other than merely winning at all costs. Colleges will not be where sports marketing trends will usually develop; they are more at the will of the public opinion towards sponsors, unlikely to take as ma ny risks as the pro organizations.
Sports Marketing has made its way into the budgets of many companies around the world. The stakes keep rising to get into this game and the returns may be diminishing. The importance of sport and how the consumer perceives its relationship with busin ess is very important. Sports and athletes are incredibly dependent on TV and endorsements today. Those sources of capital will pull back if the consumer becomes disillusioned with sports and ratings drop. The most recent NFL TV contracts were for more money than it would cost to buy every team in the league. Players salaries will hit limits at some point (probably when TV deals decline), and players will seek even more outside sources of income.
Sports marketing cannot grow at the pace it has forever, but it still has room to expand. The sports marketing trend’s success or failure will hinge on sports’ role in society in the coming years. Many issues arise everyday between fair play and big
money. Its important for a company to stay clear of the troubles sports can be a victim to, while it is important for sports to keep their integrity to stay popular with the people. It is important for sports marketers to increasingly police themselv es in order not to ruin an effective marketing tool and sport in general.
By:-Professors Andrews, Didow, and Peacock
Source :-http://www.unc.edu/~andrewsr/ints092/weikel.html
Corporate Sponsorship: Managing Your Brand Assets
Overview
While there are several corporate sponsorship mediums (e.g. event, music, entertainment) sponsoring professional and collegiate sports activities can be a fun, exciting venture for a corporation. Choosing the correct sports and constructing (and negotiating) the most advantageous sponsorship packages is a combination of art and science.
Sports marketing should be treated like any other strategic marketing initiative. Sports are a means to a marketing end. Unfortunately, in too many cases, the decision to sponsor a sport and subsequent decisions on the structure and components of the sponsorship can be made with little study of the tangible business effect the decision can have.
Additionally, sports marketing sponsorships require a significant people commitment to make the event effective. We have seen many companies simply write the check and provide the creative materials, then not fully leverage the sales and visibility opportunities that are available. Most effective sponsorships require hands-on nurturing to gain maximum effectiveness.
Realistically, effective leveraging of sponsorships may require additional out-of-pocket expenditures of 2 to 3 times the amount of the sponsorship fee.
Many de-centralized organizations find that differing regions and product units have initiated sponsorships across a whole range of sports and levels of teams from amateur clubs to collegiate to professional. The company should quickly work to consolidate and consider a limited number of sports that best fit the business goals. The company will gain more market benefit from having a concentrated presence in soccer, basketball, and ice skating, for example, than smaller presence with 5 differing teams/sports depending on the market.
When the company takes the trouble to audit the expense going toward sports-related sponsorships across the corporation, the dollar total is often sobering. But, this is the first step to reducing the wasted expenditures and moving sports marketing into a strategic light.
Too often, sponsorships decisions are based on company tradition, school or geographic loyalties, personal preferences and friendships rather than sound marketing analysis and principles. As a result, there may be no standards for:
Each decision to sponsor a sport association or team
should be based on core marketing objectives such as:
Measurement
Once objectives are in place, there are means, with varying degrees of precision, to estimate monetary value of the sponsorship elements before making the decision to sponsor. Advertising or advertising-like elements can and should be compared with similar advertising opportunities outside of sports. For example, the cost of television spots should be compared with other programming that reaches the same or similar audience.
By extrapolating the length of time the audience views a sign in the stadium, it can be compared with the cost of billboards that reach the same number of viewers. “Sports are a means to a marketing end.”
Fictional Soccer Sponsorship by a Financial Services Company
Start with the marketing need and find a sports sponsorship to fit it, not the reverse: Assume you have decided to make a major new product push (financial planning) to affluent young people (25-45) with X$, per average household, in savings and disposable income. General data on the audience for soccer tells you that fans that attend live matches, watch on television, and listen on radio are 60% comprised of such affluent young people.
Also assume that research from your sister commercial insurance businesses identifies that many of the business decision makers for commercial policies are big soccer fans. With this information you know that soccer fans are a good audience. Furthermore, you have data that suggests soccer fans are very loyal in purchasing the products of the companies that sponsor their favorite sport. The team offers you a choice of the following options:
Analysis Steps
Data Gathering
Analysis Process
Note, it is generally accepted that a sign in a sports venue can be more valuable than a billboard because: (1) The audience is fixed for several hours at a time vs. simply passing by in a car (2) the sign can be shown on television during matches, thus gaining a wider audience.
Hopefully, this example shows how considered and analytical sports sponsorship review should be. These numbers illustrate a baseline analysis. Invariably, this comparison will show that you will pay a premium for
value of “associating” with a sports team.
The art of the process is to determine and negotiate pricing with the team that narrows the premium. The analysis gives you concrete numbers from which to negotiate.
Summary/Conclusions
The Bedford Group
Consistent, professional and strategically focused, communication is vital to the success of any organization. Over time, internal and/or external communications efforts may become unfocused, disjointed, internally focused, or simply poorly executed.
The Bedford Group can provide an objective, independent analysis of the impact, consistency, and appropriateness of your internal and external messages and media vehicles. In addition, we can evaluate the staff, structures, processes, and agencies you rely on to create your communications messages and materials.
Some of the related services include:
Sports Marketing Career has a two-pronged meaning:
Sports Marketing refers to the process of planning and facilitating exchange of sports related property e.g. sports events. It also refers to marketing of non-sports property using sports as a facilitating medium e.g. brand endorsements by sport celebrities. These definitions create a platform to fathom the various Sports Marketing jobs that can vary from organizing sports events, Sports celebrity management, Sponsorships, CSR activities etc. and pose quite a challenge to the large untapped field of sports marketing. In a nutshell, a sports marketer handles the business angle of sports and unearths various opportunities to promote sports and sports-related activities. Now let’s understand these various types of sports marketing jobs :-
Sports-event Manager jobs
Events are an excellent medium of patronizing sports especially in the form of large – scale contests. E.g. Procam International is an out and out sports events organizing company that garners sponsorships from relevant Corporates and conducts events like Indo-Thai boxing, Bacardi Beach Volleyball etc. at National and International level. Even tourism departments, major companies, sports associations initiate projects of interest to them. You can be on the production / marketing team for the project depending on your area of interest.
• Sports-event Marketing jobs
Let this not confuse you. Sports event marketing is basically approaching the correct corporate / organisation and garnering sponsorships from them to execute a sports event. This involves doing some homework like ground -research, preparing the marketing plan, contacting and meeting the short-listed Corporates and trying to sell the concept to them.
• Manager / Sports agents Jobs
If you have seen the Million Dollar Baby, you know what we are talking about. Each celebrity, be it Bollywood or sports, has a manager…an agent of sorts who ‘manages’ the celebrity’s career, who facilitates the transactions between the sportsperson and the sponsor. The agent is responsible mainly for marketing the sportsperson, creating contracts and negotiating, handling the media relations etc. The agent also looks into the latest trends and decides the best lucrative options for the athlete / sportsperson.
If a Sourav Ganguly and Sachin appear in a host of ads selling anything from colas to mobile services or a Sania Mirza sweating it out in a Taaza Tea commercial, it’s thanks to their Celebrity management agent who got them the brand endorsement deals and the extra ‘pocket money’. Meanwhile its good business for the agent who does get his share of commission depending on the kind of deal.
Are you ‘fit?’
A PG in Sports Management is a star attraction for a good Sports Marketing job. Post-graduate in sports management requires minimum 40% in any Graduation discipline. Graduation is Physical Education (P.Ed.) or similar in course in a favourite sport is an added advantage. Currently, only two recognized universities offer Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Management (PGDSM) viz Alagappa University, Tamil Nadu and Indira Gandhi Institute of Physical Education and Sports Science, New Delhi. Admissions to these institutions begin in June / July and are advertised in leading newspapers. Besides these acquired skills, one requires good communication skills, business acumen and enthused energy and passion for at least one sport."
Source of article: http://www.indianchild.com/jobs/sports_marketing_jobs.htm
How to choose the right Athlete to Endorse your Brand
A savvy athlete today command: huge endorsement and sponsorship deals.
This article talks about British tennis Star ANDY MURRAY, who despite his loss in Australian Grand Slam Final- third unsuccessful attempt to win a major tennis tournament, be able to find the right brand?
Among the top 50 highest earning American athletes of 2010, it was revealed that Phil Mickelson, the golfer pocketed $52 M in endorsements.
Sports athlete & celebrities draw huge attention from corporate sponsors and media as they appeal to different demographics. An athlete actually who endorse a product can transform a brand (change its positioning)
Ø Initially what endorsement does: creates exposure of brand, association to recognization consideration, favourability, loyalty.
Ø Its perceived that consumers purchase athlete endorsed product based on bundle of perceived benefit which include knowledge of sport, entertainment, nostalgia, affiliation.
Who would you choose to endorse your product? What attributes do brands look for in an athlete?
In successful product endorsement, athlete does so much more than sell the product. The athlete is symbolized as “human brand”.
There are two types of attributes that a brand looks in an athlete:
1 On field Attributes 2 Off field Attributes
On field Attribute:
1 Performance Quality 2 Winning record 3 Skill 4 Style 5 Potential
Eg>1 Performance quality and winning record: Why champion player Michael Jordan was associated with Nike & was so successful (because endorsers want him to be successful and also if he wins then brand gets good image)
2 Potential: Maria Sharapova signed endorsements with Nike & Prince rackets at 11 & 14 years respectively. At 17, she won her first major title & become no. 1 , thus gave positive returns to brands at young age .
3 Style & skills : Adidas & NZ player (Rugby) and also professional boxer Sonny Bill Williams was endorser of adidas, he was in the controversy & defecting list. As Nz is going to host the rugby World Cup on 9 September, he is seen as a sensation so Adidas added them to the group of global athletes like Beckham, Messi.
Off field Attribute:
1 Personality 2 Physical Attractiveness 3 Unique Personal Background 4 Role Model 5 Relationship with fans
Eg> 1 Unique personal background: Nike stood by Tiger Woods, even after his extra marital affair, from lost deals with AT & T, Gatorade, Accenture is the biggest earner in product endorsement ($ 170 M)
2 Personality: David Beckham has personality, the looks & a strong relationship with fans which appeals strongly to brands and products. He earns $ 43.7 M ( from product endorsement ) despite of low on field attributes.
3 Physical Attravtiveness: Anna Kournikova – the highly successful sports loser. Despite never winning WTA tournament, he earned $ 10 M a year in 2002.
Sponsors: Lycos, Omega, Watches, Berlie Lingerie, Adidas & Yonex
David schwab ( Octagon ) commented:
“She’s a great tennis player, has great look, and has global appeal. Those are combination of characteristics companies look for when they partner with athletes”
Even if Andy Murray wins British Grand Slam Tennis once after Fred Perry back in 1936, he will become winner in global sports and will do big endorsements.
So for becoming a hot property : “Winning Record” & “Performance Quality”
A savvy athlete today command: huge endorsement and sponsorship deals.
This article talks about British tennis Star ANDY MURRAY, who despite his loss in Australian Grand Slam Final- third unsuccessful attempt to win a major tennis tournament, be able to find the right brand?
Among the top 50 highest earning American athletes of 2010, it was revealed that Phil Mickelson, the golfer pocketed $52 M in endorsements.
Sports athlete & celebrities draw huge attention from corporate sponsors and media as they appeal to different demographics. An athlete actually who endorse a product can transform a brand (change its positioning)
Ø Initially what endorsement does: creates exposure of brand, association to recognization consideration, favourability, loyalty.
Ø Its perceived that consumers purchase athlete endorsed product based on bundle of perceived benefit which include knowledge of sport, entertainment, nostalgia, affiliation.
Who would you choose to endorse your product? What attributes do brands look for in an athlete?
In successful product endorsement, athlete does so much more than sell the product. The athlete is symbolized as “human brand”.
There are two types of attributes that a brand looks in an athlete:
1 On field Attributes 2 Off field Attributes
On field Attribute:
1 Performance Quality 2 Winning record 3 Skill 4 Style 5 Potential
Eg>1 Performance quality and winning record: Why champion player Michael Jordan was associated with Nike & was so successful (because endorsers want him to be successful and also if he wins then brand gets good image)
2 Potential: Maria Sharapova signed endorsements with Nike & Prince rackets at 11 & 14 years respectively. At 17, she won her first major title & become no. 1 , thus gave positive returns to brands at young age .
3 Style & skills : Adidas & NZ player (Rugby) and also professional boxer Sonny Bill Williams was endorser of adidas, he was in the controversy & defecting list. As Nz is going to host the rugby World Cup on 9 September, he is seen as a sensation so Adidas added them to the group of global athletes like Beckham, Messi.
Off field Attribute:
1 Personality 2 Physical Attractiveness 3 Unique Personal Background 4 Role Model 5 Relationship with fans
Eg> 1 Unique personal background: Nike stood by Tiger Woods, even after his extra marital affair, from lost deals with AT & T, Gatorade, Accenture is the biggest earner in product endorsement ($ 170 M)
2 Personality: David Beckham has personality, the looks & a strong relationship with fans which appeals strongly to brands and products. He earns $ 43.7 M ( from product endorsement ) despite of low on field attributes.
3 Physical Attravtiveness: Anna Kournikova – the highly successful sports loser. Despite never winning WTA tournament, he earned $ 10 M a year in 2002.
Sponsors: Lycos, Omega, Watches, Berlie Lingerie, Adidas & Yonex
David schwab ( Octagon ) commented:
“She’s a great tennis player, has great look, and has global appeal. Those are combination of characteristics companies look for when they partner with athletes”
Even if Andy Murray wins British Grand Slam Tennis once after Fred Perry back in 1936, he will become winner in global sports and will do big endorsements.
So for becoming a hot property : “Winning Record” & “Performance Quality”
Most Watched Sports in India
Note: Note ranked on any basis
Sports | STAR | Sponsors/Endorsements /Ambassador | Country or Major Teams |
1. Cricket | Sachin Tendulkar | Adidas, Coka Cola, Luminous Power Batteries, Castrol Power1, Activ and GTX, Toshiba, ITC's Sunfeast, Boost, Canon, Royal Bank of Scotland, Reynolds, Jaypee Cements, Aviva Life Insurance, Adidas, luxury Swiss watch Audemars Piguet | India, Mumbai, Mumbai Indians, Yorkshire
|
Mahendra Singh Dhoni | Reebok, Pepsi, Aircel, TVS, Maxx Mobile, Godrej etc | India, Chennai Super Kings, Jharkhand | |
2. Wrestling | John Cena | Gold's gym, YJ Stinger, The Marine, 12 Rounds,Legendary | US-WWE-Raw, Smack down |
Great Khali | The Longest Yard, Get Smart, Kushti, Ramaa | WWE-Raw, Smack down, Japan Wrestling | |
3. Soccer | Baichang Bhutia | Reebok, Nike (Team)
| India, Mohun Bagan, United Sikkim, East Bengal |
Sunil Chettri | Nike | India, Mohun Bagan, JCT, East Bengal, Dempo | |
Christiano Ronaldo | Nike, Castrol Oil, Emporio Armani Underwear | Portugal, Manchester United, Real Madrid | |
Lionel Messi | Adidas, Konami, Herba Life, Goodwill Ambassador UNICEF | Argentina, Barcelona | |
David Beckham | UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador , Samsung, Armani, Own labels | England, Manchester United, Real Madrid, LA Galaxy | |
4. Tennis | Mahesh Bhupat | J Hampstead, Adidas | India
|
Leander Paes | J Hampstead, Adidas | India
| |
Sania Mirza | TVS Scooty, Sprite, Adidas | India | |
Roger Federer | Nike, Rolex Watches, Gillette, Lindt chocolates, Mercedes Benz | Switzerland | |
Maria Sharapova | Canon, Nike, Land Rover, Tag Huer, Tiffany & Co., Sony Ericsson Mobiles | Russia | |
5. Golf | Tiger Woods | Nike, Gillette, Accenture, Tag Huer, AT&T, Electronic Arts (Major deals now snapped) | USA |
Phil Mickelson | ExxonMobil, Rolex, Barclays, Callaway Golf, Enbrel | USA
| |
Jeev Milkha Singh | Callaway Golf India, Golf in Dubai, Jumeirah Golf Estates, Rolex, UPS | India | |
Jyoti Randhava | Adidas, Hugo Boss, Taylor made | India | |
7. Basketball | Kobe Bryant | Nike, Coca-Cola, Upper deck, Spalding | LA Lakers/US |
LeBron James | Nike, Sprite, Bubblicious, Upper Deck, State Farm, and McDonald's | Miami Heat/US
| |
8. Hockey | Arjun Hallapa | Sahara | India |
9. Boxing | Vijender Singh | Bajaj Allianz, Munch, Blood Donation | India |
10. Badminton | Saina Nehwal | Airtel, Deccan Chronicle, Herbalife, Adani Wilmar | India |